He’s a great video by John Stossel interviewing a person who grew up in Sweden explaining their system and it’ s history. Seems they went near full socialist in the 70’s and backed off to a generous welfare state with high taxes on the poor as well as the rest of the population.
They use a private pension system, and school vouchers for choice, privatized the railroads etc.
I personally would classify the Nordic Model as low population, historically homogeneous countries with High Taxes - Mostly Free Markets - and a generous social safety net.
I don’t think socialism or capitalism is a good word for the nordic model, they are kind of in between the two.
If you watch the videos they explain that Sweden went nearly full socialistic in the 70’s with the state actually owning business like absolute vodka etc. That caused poverty, and in a Reagan like move, in the Reagan era, they actually cut govt and privatized back to capitalism and a welfare state.
That’s why you have to pay something to see a doctor even to get into the ER. And to pay for the welfare they tax income of the poor at high rates because that the most steady source of income to the govt. And have high sales tax.
I think one reason they can be so rational is they don’t have identity politics. Or at least they didn’t back then.