“Woke” is slang that directly originates from the black nationalist movement of the 60s and 70s. It was so common that “stay woke” was a common goodbye along the lines of “be safe” in the 80s and 90s.
Like most slang appropriated by young folks on the internet that everyone thinks is new, it’s street slang that’s been around for decades.
Honestly, I think it is social media, an I think the catalyst was police brutality.
Black folks were saying for years they were being treated badly by the police, but everybody bought the thin blue line/thug culture line.
But with social media they began to be able to effectively organize and share notes. Then, everybody began to carry high quality phones/video cameras and began to show proof.
We began to see that maybe they were telling the truth. From there, it is a short leap to looking for causes.
Anyways I would say the main difference in the movements then and today is that there is far greater support for anti-racism by white folks, the media and corporations. Social media and camera phones have also helped reignite the movement. The same conservative haters then are mirrored by the haters today.
Probably some of all of that. Add in not being the biggest minority anymore, everyone going to college and the taking over of the culture generators paying off.
The social justice movements of the 60s and 70s definitely changed academia at that time and that has led to greater awareness of injustice.
While I think that was a good thing, it also led to ways of talking about race that I don’t agree with. The main issue where I agree with conservatives is the focus on race based essentialism. Simply seeing race and ignoring other characteristics such as nationality, wealth and background is a bad road in my view.