If it weren’t true we’d have already gone up in a massive nuclear exchange long ago.
There have been numerous opportunities for us to end up in nuclear exchanges but there have always been rational actors to stop those incidents from ending in a total nuclear exchange.
Because of luck. One troop collapses and the fight goes the other way…end of story.
Alexander doesnt take over Persia we dont have his reign. Gengus Khan doesnt escape one battle they dont create one of the largest empires ever… it’s not always about crushing.
The discussion was fallacious from the get go. The Fermi Paradox is about the paradox between the high probability that intelligent alien life exists in the universe vs. having found no evidence for it, not limited vs. all out nuclear war.
MADD still works with low yield weapons. Unless one side either has no nuclear weapons or also has low yield weapons with which to engage in a limited nuclear war, the war will become all out.
Say we use a 5kt low yield bomb on a tactical target. The smallest bomb they have is 25kt and they retaliate with it by taking out a sub base, which also destroys the nearby towns. We say “Hey! That wasn’t called for” so we hit them back with a 50kt bomb killing millions f civilians. Then since they see that they can’t win unless they they come back with everything they have, they do so. We, recognizing that when those missiles get to their targets, several major cities and their residents will be gone, we launch everything we have at them.
It would be very unlikely that the use of a small, low yield nuclear bomb against another nuclear power would not result in mutual destruction not only of we and that country, but most of the rest of the world as well.
If they have no similar low yield weapons to retaliate with the knowledge that retaliating with a grossly disproportional strike would assure their complete and utter destruction is what would give you the opportunity to use the low yield weapon.
They’d have to instead retaliate with conventional weapons, sanctions or otherwise.
You are assuming that they think like you do. There is a very good chance that they don’t. If they did, it here almost certainly would not have been a war in the first place.