My objection with Citizen’s United is based on how it defines “corruption”.

Under Buckley v. Valeo, the foundational case for campaign finance law, the court determined that restrictions on contributions to campaigns, under the First Amendment, must be subject to intermediate scrutiny - the government must have a compelling interest, and the means must be closely drawn as to avoid unnecessary abridgment of rights.

The government’s interest in regulating contributions to campaigns, in Buckley, was to prevent corruption, or the appearance thereof. Buckley defined corruption broadly.

Citizen’s United is based entirely on a redefinition of “corruption” - defining corruption exclusively as a quid pro quo transaction, or the appearance of one.

By drawing that line, it allowed the court to rule that independent expenditure campaigns paid for by corporations or unions do not give rise to corruption - since they’re not “coordinated” with the candidate or campaign, and therefore can not give rise to a quid pro quo transaction.

I would argue that corruption is not limited to explicit “I’ll give you money if you do this” transactions, and that the government does have a compelling interest in preventing more subtle corruption.

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