We are talking about the legislative filibuster here. They have the word filibuster in common but they are different things.
Yes, when Reid ended the judicial filibuster, he ended the judicial filibuster. You can’t do it for just some judges.
As was pointed out, Congress right now could pass a law prohibiting the states from passing laws criminalizing traveling to another state to get an abortion. No amendment needed for that.
I think they could pass a law forbidding the criminalizing of people traveling across state lines to obtain an abortion. That seems like it would fall under the commerce clause, since abortion could be argued to be a form of commerce (it disgusts me to say that, but it makes legal sense).
But like Sneak said to do anything else would require an amendment to the constitution itself.
Probably no law needed either. States can’t pass laws prohibiting travel between states, nor can they criminalize what goes on in another state. That is not in their jurisdiction.
Not that this is going to happen (Manchin, Sinema) but it could easily lead to a push for a nationwide abortion ban in 24 after the GOP takes the House, Senate and White House. Talk about short term thinking.
Carving out any exception opens the door for anyone with a simple majority to carve out any other exception on any issue they consider important. In other words, it ends the legislative filibuster.