Ben,

The intentions expressed in the Resolution of the First Congress Submitting Twelve Amendments to the Constitution; March 4, 1789 seem explicitly clear why such “declaratory and restrictive clauses” were being proposed, which was to “prevent misconstruction or abuse” of the newly created government’s powers.

But hey, you are free to continue to post your unsubstantiated opinions as to why such amendments were proposed, even when the evidence contradicts your assertions and wild interpretations. Of course, that is the fault of “textualists” ___ they refuse to take into consideration the documented intentions of the lawmaker, which gives context to the legislation’s text, and do so to remain free to attach their own meaning to the text.

JWK

“A thing may be within the letter of a statute and not within its meaning, and within its meaning, though not within its letter. The intention of the lawmaker is the law.” See Hawaii v. Mankichi, 190 U.S. 197 (1903),